LTC2411/LTC2411-1
34
APPLICATIO S I FOR ATIO
WU
U
the sensor largely eliminates the need for protection
devices, RFI suppression and wiring. The LTC2411/
LTC2411-1 exhibit extremely low temperature dependent
drift. As a result, exposure to external ambient tempera-
ture ranges does not compromise performance. The in-
corporation of any amplification considerably complicates
thermal stability, as input offset voltages and currents,
temperature coefficient of gain settling resistors all be-
come factors.
The circuit in Figure 41 shows an example of a simple
amplification scheme. This example produces a differen-
tial output with a common mode voltage of 2.5V, as
determined by the bridge. The use of a true three amplifier
instrumentation amplifier is not necessary, as the LTC2411/
LTC2411-1 have common mode rejection far beyond that
of most amplifiers. The LTC1051 is a dual autozero ampli-
fier that can be used to produce a gain of 30 before its input
referred noise dominates the LTC2411/LTC2411-1 noise.
This example shows a gain of 34, that is determined by a
feedback network built using a resistor array containing
eight individual resistors. The resistors are organized to
optimize temperature tracking in the presence of thermal
gradients. The second LTC1051 buffers the low noise
1Input referred noise for AV = 34 is approximately 0.05VRMS, whereas at a gain of 50, it would be
0.048
VRMS.
Figure 41. Using Autozero Amplifiers to Reduce Input Referred Noise
input stage from the transient load steps produced during
conversion.
The gain stability and accuracy of this approach is very
good, due to a statistical improvement in resistor match-
ing due to individual error contribution being reduced. A
gain of 34 may seem low, when compared to common
practice in earlier generations of load-cell interfaces, how-
ever the accuracy of the LTC2411/LTC2411-1 changes the
rationale. Achieving high gain accuracy and linearity at
higher gains may prove difficult, while providing little
benefit in terms of noise reduction.
At a gain of 100, the gain error that could result from
typical open-loop gain of 160dB is –1ppm, however,
worst-case is at the minimum gain of 116dB, giving a gain
error of –158ppm. Worst-case gain error at a gain of 34,
is –54ppm. The use of the LTC1051A reduces the worst-
case gain error to –33ppm. The advantage of gain higher
than 34, then becomes dubious, as the input referred
noise sees little improvement1 and gain accuracy is poten-
tially compromised.
0.1
F
8
0.1
F
0.1
F
REF+
REF
SDO
SCK
IN+
IN
CS
GND
VCC
FO
28
5VREF
3
350
BRIDGE
9
4
5
2411 F41
7
6
1
10
RN1 = 5k
× 8 RESISTOR ARRAY
U1A, U1B, U2A, U2B = 1/2 LTC1051
+
3
2
8
4
U1A
4
5V
+
6
5
RN1
1
16
15
2
611
7
1
14
3
710
4
13
89
512
U1B
+
2
3
U2A
5V
1
+
6
5
U2B
7
LTC2411/
LTC2411-1
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